The Effects and Pharmacokinetics of Acyclovir in Neonates

نویسنده

چکیده مقاله:

    Acyclovir (9-[2-hydroxyethoxymethyl] guanine) is an acyclic nucleoside analogue of guanosine which is a potent and selective antiviral agent. Acycloviris converted to the monophosphate by thymidine kinase the virus-specific form of this enzyme and is subsequently converted to the triphosphate by the host cell kinase. Acyclovir triphosphate inhibits viral DNA-polymerase terminating the chain and is the active form. It is 30 times more potent against the herpes simplex virus enzyme than the host enzyme. Acyclovir triphosphate is fairly rapidly broken down within the host cells by cellular phosphatases. Resistance due to changes in the viral genes coding for thymidine kinase or DNA polymerase cause acyclovir-resistant herpes simplex virus and has been the cause of pneumonia, encephalitis and mucocutaneous infections. Acyclovir can be administered orally or intravenously. When it is given orally, only 10-20% of the dose is absorbed. Acyclovir is widely distributed throughout the body, reaching concentrations in the cerebrospinal fluid which are 30 to 50% of those in the serum. In neonates, the half-life of acyclovir is about 5 hours, but it is 2.5 hours in children over 3 months old. The herpes simplex virus is transmitted vertically from infected mothers to fetuses and the administration of 400 mg acyclovir orally three times daily from 36 weeks of pregnancy until delivery has been suggested. Alternatively, a cesarean section can be performed to avoid the transmission of the herpes simplex virus to fetuses. The aim of this study is to review the effects and pharmacokinetics of acyclovir in neonates.

برای دانلود باید عضویت طلایی داشته باشید

برای دانلود متن کامل این مقاله و بیش از 32 میلیون مقاله دیگر ابتدا ثبت نام کنید

اگر عضو سایت هستید لطفا وارد حساب کاربری خود شوید

منابع مشابه

the effects and pharmacokinetics of acyclovir in neonates

acyclovir (9-[2-hydroxyethoxymethyl] guanine) is an acyclic nucleoside analogue of guanosine which is a potent and selective antiviral agent. acycloviris converted to the monophosphate by thymidine kinase the virus-specific form of this enzyme and is subsequently converted to the triphosphate by the host cell kinase. acyclovir triphosphate inhibits viral dna-polymerase terminating the chain and...

متن کامل

Clinical Pharmacology of Ceftazidime in Neonates: Effects and Pharmacokinetics

Ceftazidime is a valuable third-generation bactericidal cephalosporin. Ceftazidime inhibits the biosynthesis of bacterial cell peptidoglycan, causing inhibition of bacterial growth or cell lyses and death. Common nosocomial gram-negative organisms susceptible to ceftazidime include Escherichia coli, Haemophilus influenzae, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Neisseria, Moraxella catarrhalis, Proteus mirabil...

متن کامل

Clinical Pharmacology of Ciprofloxacin in Neonates: Effects and Pharmacokinetics

Ciprofloxacin is the most commonly used fluoroquinolone. Ciprofloxacin is prescribed for 1 in 44 Americans. Ciprofloxacin is a broad-spectrum bactericidal antibiotic, effective against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, being especially active against the Enterobacteriacae, including many microorganisms resistant to penicillins, cephalosporins and aminoglycosides, and also is effect...

متن کامل

Clinical Pharmacology of Fluconazole in Neonates: Effects and Pharmacokinetics

Fluconazole is commonly used both to prevent and to treat invasive neonatal Candida albicans infection. This drug is a potent, selective, triazole inhibitor of the fungal enzymes involved in ergosterol synthesis. It is largely excreted unchanged in the urine. In infants with a birth weight

متن کامل

Clinical Pharmacology of Meropenem in Neonates: Effects and Pharmacokinetics

     Meropenem, a carbapenem antibiotic, has a broad-spectrum activity and is active against Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influencae, Moraxella catarrhalis, gram-negative enteric bacilli as Escherichia coli, Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Serratia and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Meropenem has excellent penetration in body tissues and in cerebrospinal fluid (in the presenc...

متن کامل

Clinical Pharmacology of Teicoplanin in Neonates: Effects and Pharmacokinetics

Teicoplanin is a glycoside antibiotic which consists of five closely related glycopeptide antibiotics with similar antibacterial properties to vancomycin that were first isolated in 1976. Teicoplanin is active against many gram-positive anaerobe microorganisms and is particularly potent against clostridium species. It is also active against most Listeria, enterococci and staphylococci including...

متن کامل

منابع من

با ذخیره ی این منبع در منابع من، دسترسی به آن را برای استفاده های بعدی آسان تر کنید

ذخیره در منابع من قبلا به منابع من ذحیره شده

{@ msg_add @}


عنوان ژورنال

دوره 4  شماره 12

صفحات  4099- 4115

تاریخ انتشار 2016-12-01

با دنبال کردن یک ژورنال هنگامی که شماره جدید این ژورنال منتشر می شود به شما از طریق ایمیل اطلاع داده می شود.

میزبانی شده توسط پلتفرم ابری doprax.com

copyright © 2015-2023